MORPHINUM.
Morphia, an alkaloid from opium, C17H19NO3.
Including the various salts, to which reference is
made in the list of authorities.
Preparation
, Triturations, or solutions in
alcohol.
Authorities.
1,
Sertürner (the discoverer of M.), took 1/2 grain, repeated after half
an hour, and again after a quarter of an hour, Annali Univerz. di Med.,
xxvii (Buchner’s Toxicologie, 1827, p. 201); 2,
Bally, experimental effect of moderate doses, and also 2 grains of sulf.
or acet., Méd. de l’Acad. Roy. de Méd. a Paris (from Wibmer); 3, Charvet, experiments on himself, with 1
grain of acetate, Wirkung des Op., p. 176 (Wibmer); 4, same, a man aged thirty-six, took 6 grains
of acetate at one dose; 5, same,
another took 6 grains of the acetate; 6,
Chevallier, Rev. Med., 1824, took 1/4 grain of the acetate (Wibmer); 6a, same,
took next day, 1/3 grain; 6b, same, took, the following day, 1/2
grain; 6c,
same, took, the following day, 1 grain; 7,
Wibmer, took 1/4 grain of the acetate, repeated after one hour and a
half; 7a,
same, took, 1/4 grain of M., repeated after one hour and a half; 8, Beraudi (experiments on several healthy
persons, Horn’s Archiv, 1829, from Wibmer), a man named Allinio took 1/8
grain of the acetate, pulse before the dose 66; 8a, same man, subsequently took 1/4 grain; 8b, same
man, took 1 grain; 9, Beraudi on
Crispo, aged twenty-one, effects of 1/6 grain of acetate; 9a, same
man, took 1/3 grain; 9b, same man, took 1/2 grain; 10, Beraudi on Rabuni, aged nineteen, effects
of 1/8 grain of the acetate; 10a, same, man, effects of 1/4 grain; 10b, same
man, 1/2 grain; 11, Beraudi on
himself, effects of 1/2 grain of acetate; 11a, same, 2/3 grain; 11b,
same, 1 grain; 12, Beraudi on Sella,
effects of 1/2 grain of acetate; 13,
Bonnet and Trousseau, Bull. Gén. de Thérap., 32 (Wibmer), general
effects of the salts; 14, Ronander,
Hecker’s Annal. de Méd., 1834 (Wibmer), effects of 1/4 to 1 grain of
acetate; 15, Tully, Bost. M. and S.
J., 1832, effects of 1/4 grain of the sulphate, on himself; 16, same, effects of 1/4 grain of the
sulphate for pain in the stomach; 17,
Bonjean, a man took 55 grains at once, Schm. Jahrb., 52, 156; 18, Leissier, effects of 33 to 36 grains of
acetate, in a man, Journ. de Conn. Méd., 1838 (A. H. Z., 18, 288); 19, Anderson, effects of 1/4 grain of
sulphate, repeated in two hours, in a woman suffering from
sleeplessness, Am. J. Med. Sc., 1848; 20,
Anderson, effects of 2 ounces of a solution of the muriate during
thirty-six hours, in a patient suffering from delirium tremens, Month.
J. Med. Sc., 1854; 21, Shearman,
effects of 3 grains in a woman, Med. Times and Gaz., 1857; 22, Kreisig, effects of a solution in a girl
aged sixteen, Inaug. Diss. (S. J., 93, 175); 23,
Salviat, effects of 2 grammes, in a man aged thirty, Union Med. d. l.
Gironde, 1859 (from Tardieu, Empoison.); 24,
Rodgers, effects of 1 grain in a man, suffering from neuralgia of face
(post-mortem showed kidneys diseased), Lancet, 1861; 25, Zepuder, effects of 1/12th grain of the
acetate in a child, eleven weeks old, Wien Med. Halle, 1861 (A. H. Z.,
Mbl., 3, 49); 26 and 27, omitted; 28,
Dr. A.M. Cushing, provings, Mass. Hom. Med. Soc. Trans., vol. 3, p. 569,
effects of 100 drops of 3d dil., evening first and second days, 1 drachm
evening third day, 1 1/2 drachms evening fourth day; 29, Alexander, Wien Med. Presse, 1865 (S. J.
128, p. 294), effects of 1/6 grain, in a child; 30,
Am. Hom. Obs., 1864, p. 169, effects of 1 1/2 grain of M., by mistake
for quinine, for a slight indigestion; 31,
Maschka, fatal effects of large doses, Prag. Vjs., 1867 (A. H. Z., Mbl.,
16, p. 57); 32, omitted; 33, Brain, effects of injections of 1/3 grain
of acetate, in a woman aged thirty-five, for pain in a tooth, Med. Times
and Gaz., 1868; 34, Reyher,
poisoning by M., Deutsch Arch. f. Clin. Med., 4, 602; 35, Pfister, effects of a solution, S. J.,
15, p. 16; 36, Verdi, effects of 15
grains in a woman, Ohio M. and S. Rep., 3, 156; 37,
Cattell, symptoms of muriate, Br. J. of Hom., 11, 337; 38, Goodno, effects of a solution of acetate
(3 grains to 1 ounce), teaspoonful doses for dysmenorrhœa, Am. J. H. M.
M., 4, 60; 39, Tellar, effects of
injection of 1/12th grain, A. H. Z., 83, p. 40; 40,
Gross, effects of injections of muriate, in a girl aged twenty,
suffering from chronic neuritis, Am. Hom. Obs., 1870, p. 420; 41, Model, effects of twelve doses of 1/4
grain of acetate, for sleeplessness, Ærzt. Intell. Bl., 1871 (A. H. Z.,
Mbl., 25, p. 2); 42, Oliver, effects
in one case, Practitioner, 1871, p. 79; 43,
Ferris, effects of a solution of muriate, for a cough and diarrhœa, Br.
Med. J., 1871; 44, Schroff, Lehrbuch
der Pharm., p. 515, general effects of small doses; 44a,
same, larger doses, 14 to 36 milligrammes; 44b, same, doses up to 7 centigrammes; 45, Tardieu, poisoning by 2 grammes, Sur.
l’Empoison., 1058; 46, Martin,
effects of injection of muriate, Gaz. des Hôp., 1874; 47, Transk, effects of 6 or 7 grains of the
sulphate on self, and 2 grains to daughter, and 3 grains to another
young lady, N. Y. Med. J., 1874; 48,
Schweig, effects of 7 grains of sulphate, in a healthy man, N. Y. Med.
J., 1874; 49, Dr Helen J. Underwood,
effects of as much as could be put on a sixpence, in a girl, threatened
with chorea, Med. Invest., 1875, p. 282; 50,
C. B. Gatchell, effect of injecting 1/4 grain into his own arm, dose
repeated after fifteen minutes, Med. Invest., 1875, p. 244; (51 to 59,
Harley’s experiments, Old Veg. Neurotics) 51,
Michael, aged forty-eight, “strong but disabled by sciatica,”
effects of injection of 1/4 grain of the acetate; 52, John L., aged fifty-four, with facial
neuralgia, effects of 1/6 grain of the acetate; 53,
Samuel M., aged forty-nine, with facial neuralgia, effects of injections
of 1/6 grain of acetate, afterwards 1/4 grain, and again 1/2 grain; 54, John W., aged thirty-three, with lumbar
neuralgia, injected 1/4 grain, and some weeks afterward 1/2 grain; 55, Charles V., aged thirty-two, chronic
lumbago, injected 1/4 grain of acetate; 56,
Mary B., aged forty-six, lame from sciatica, injected 1/6 grain of the
acetate; 57, Mrs. N., aged forty,
neuralgia in right shoulder, injected 1/7 grain Morph. acetate; 58, Mrs. E. W., aged thirty-four, four months
pregnant, hysterical and neuralgic, effects of 1/15 grain of the
acetate, afterward of the 1/12 grain; 59,
Miss L., aged thirty-seven, effects of 1/8 grain, on alternate mornings;
60, Berridge, effect of injection of
1/8 grain, N. Am. J., 1872, p. 102; 61,
Levinstein, effects of injections of M., 22 to 30 grains daily, for
neuralgia, Berl. Kl. Woch., 1877; 62,
same, effects on a woman of as much as 15 grains daily, injections for
chronic rheumatic symptoms; 63,
same, effects in a man, with rheumatism, of 1/2 to 1 gramme injections
daily; 64, same, in a man,
injections of 1 to 1 1/2 gramme daily (commenced its use in syphilitic
“iritis”); 65, Berridge,
“a man took Morph. acet. nine days after a proving of Cannabis
indica,” Hahn. Month., 3, 462; 66,
Fiedler, general effects, Schmidt’s Jahrb., 172, 236; 67, same, fatal case, after stopping habitual
use of M., in a woman; 68, same,
effects of stopping habitual use, in a man, thirty-five years old; 69, same, another case reported by Kapf; 70, Roberts, effects of subcutaneous
injection, in a man, Med. Times and Gaz., 1868; 71,
Anstie, effects of 3 grains injected into rectum of a man, suffering
from fistula, Med. Times and Gaz., 1863, p. 134; 72, Anstie, effects of prolonged use of M. in
small (1/4 grain daily) doses in a lady, suffering from sciatica,
Practitioner, 1871, p. 153; 73,
Levinstein, Die Morphium-sucht, eine Monographie, Berlin, 1877, general
effects.[Note: The
delirium of Morphine intoxication convicts of a series of symptoms that
possess nearly all the characteristics of alcoholic delirium. From my
observation two forms of Morphine delirium may be distinguished, the
acute and chronic. The chronic develops during the course of Morphine
intoxication, continues during the period of abstinence, and runs its
course without excitement. The acute form appears as a consequence of
the withdrawal of the drug, and breaks out with violent symptoms. In the
chronic form the depression is variable; most of the patients exhibit a
certain joyfulness, only for a short time interrupted by anxiety; in
some individuals during the day the mood is depressed, in the evening
there is some excitement, and at times illusions of the senses.
Trembling of the hands and twitchings of the muscles are constant forms
of the disease. In spite of the alternations the patients are perfectly
lucid and self-possessed. They are able to ward off for a longer or
shorter time their depressed or excited moods, and they can mingle with
society. The acute delirium tremens of Morphine develops in the course
of six to twelve hours after the withdrawal of the drug. The patients at
first become excited and restless; run constantly about the room, weep
and cry, and at last become delirious, under the action of painful
sensations and hallucinations. The attacks, which last only a few hours,
are followed by a quiet stage, during which the patients have
hallucinations which involve all the organs of sense except that of
taste. They see brilliantly colored birds, hear voices, have a sensation
of sitting in wet, and perceive the most various odors. These illusions
are associated with a hypochondriac mood; the patient thinks he will
die; thinks he has seen his own burial; seems to see persons by him
constantly growing larger and larger, etc.; also frequently talks with
himself and with absent people. Tremor of the hands increases, and is
associated with muscular twitches, nystagmus, and trembling of the whole
body. At the commencement of the acute delirium, the voice and speech
became changed. This delirium tremens of Morphine must not be confounded
with the condition of excitement that occurs during the period of
abstinence, especially after the exhibition of Chloral hydrate; if the
patient, during the first two to four days of abstinence, is given a
dose of 3 or 4 grammes for sleeplessness, the individual is seized a few
hours after the dose with a high degree of excitement; he has to rise in
bed, leaves it and runs around the room weeping, laughing, singing
crying, and knocking against doors and windows, throwing over the
furniture, and at last becomes agressive to those about him; he becomes
quiet only towards morning, and has a very transient sleep, from which
he wakes without remembrance of the occurrences of the night, or he can
recall them only with difficulty. The differential diagnosis between the
delirium tremens of Morphine and other forms of delirium, is only
difficult when the physician is ignorant of the cause, and when the
patient is in the later stage of Morphine intoxication (when there is
tremor, sleeplessness, some disturbances of speech, restlessness,
anxiety, mental illusions), then it is almost identical with chronic
alcoholism. Moreover, it is not easy to recognize when the person
intoxicated by Morphine has been in the habit of partaking freely of
alcoholic drinks, and has communicated only the latter fact to the
physician. The acute delirium tremens of Morphine may be distinguished
from the acute delirium tremens potatorum, by the following:lst. Delirium potatorum occurs spontaneously, or
after tremors, or during the progress of acute diseases; the acute
delirium of Morphine occurs only during the partial or total abstinence
from Morphine.2d. In the height of delirium potatorum the delirium
mostly disappears, while in the delirium of Morphine it increases.3d. Alcoholic drinks, which are frequently craved by
the patient, mostly aggravate the paroxysm, never arrest or obliterate
it. The Morphine patient longs for Morphine, and is for a time quieted
by a large dose of it.4th. Delirium potatorum continues for days or weeks,
while the duration of the delirium tremens of Morphine rarely exceeds
forty-eight hours.5th. The delirium potatorum ends in a collapse, which
is frequently fatal; in the delirium tremens of Morphine there is no
collapse. The delirium of Morphine can scarcely be confounded with that
of lead (delirium saturninum), since in the latter the lead line on the
gum, extensor paralysis, and the alternating conditions of excitement
and stupefaction are sufficiently distinctive.]
MIND.
►
Emotional. ► Conscious of
a certain amount of stimulating influence upon the brain; a sensation
not unlike the early physiological effects of Quinine (almost
immediately), [47]. ► General condition of excitement; the
patient seems exceedingly lively and wide awake, with a certain
uneasiness, unsteadiness, and haste, and glistening of the eyes, [66]. ►
Great excitement, without sleepiness, [4].
► Violent cerebral excitement, so
that the patient had to be isolated, [67].
► Delirium, [62]; (after two hours), [43]. ►
Hallucinations for many days, [37].
► Hallucination and delirium, [66]. ►
There is great similarity in the intoxication of Morphine and that of
alcohol; but the delirium of alcohol is more joyous; that of Morphine is
almost gloomy and melancholy, [66].
[10.] ►
When she tried to describe her symptoms, and ask for an explanation from
her friends, she could not for her tears and sobs, which she could not
repress, [49]. ► (Since she has used it she enjoys a great
deal of calm happiness, her mind is active and clear, though her
emotions are still very easily excited), [72].
► Low-spirited (after two hours,
eighteen minutes), [51]. ► Complete melancholy, so that he desired
to commit suicide, [68]. ► Some patients sit in mute despair,
casting about for some opportunity to free themselves from their
suffering, [73]. ► Some individuals endure their troubles
with resignation; they remain quietly in bed, scarcely speaking a word,
others, but very few, pass the time in a soporous condition; others have
no rest at all, get out of bed, anxiously run about the room, howl and
cry; they either gradually become quiet or rarely their excitement
increases, [73]. ► Anxious condition, with hallucinations
all illusions of almost all the organs of sense, seeming to comprise the
whole, somewhat analogous to that caused by alcohol, [73]. ► A few
hours after the last injection the patient begins to feel uncomfortable
and restless, and becomes exceedingly depressed; slight paroxysms of
cough, with a condition of anxiety, [73].
► Anxiety, [68]. ►
Internal anxiety and restlessness, [66].
[20.] ►
Felt strangely, a kind of terror overpowering her (before half an hour),
[49]. ►
The patient cried out with an expression of great alarm (immediately), [42]. ►
Ill-humor, [66]. ► Intellectual. ►
There is a certain similarity in Morphine poisoning and cerebral
paralysis, especially as regards the motor symptoms; the essential
difference consists in that Morphine poisoning has complete
consciousness of the condition and memory, and the ability to
concentrate the mind is unimpaired, as least as long as there is not a
condition of actual mania, [66]. ► Flow of ideas became more rapid and
pleasant, [60]. ► While engaged in undressing my mind was
very active, but seemingly without control of the will; thoughts
followed each other in quick succession, and the mind jumped rapidly
from one subject to another; the condition seemed to be analogous to
that which exists when a dream, seeming to involve days and weeks, will
be known to occupy but a few seconds or minutes of time, [50]. ► The
clearness of mind and the memory suffered very greatly, [69]. ►
Dulness of mind, [6b]. ► Impossible to study or fix mind on any
one subject (second morning), [50].
[30.] ►
She seemed incapable of thinking, or recognizing any one in the room
(after four hours), [36]. ► For an hour after rising, in talking,
would have to stop in the midst of the simplest sentence to think what
word to say next (second morning), [50].
► Loss of consciousness, [5]. ►
Flagellation, pinching, etc., failed to elicit signs of cognition, [48]. ►
Stupefaction, [2], [5], [44a];
(after twenty minutes), [9]. ► Stupefaction, bordering on faintness, [1]. ►
In a half comatose state (after eight hours), [27]. ►
Complete comatose insensibility (after two hours), [23]. ►
Profound coma, [20]; (after nine
hours and a half), [71].
HEAD.
►
Confusion and Vertigo. ►
After a nap, the head continued dull and confused for some time, as from
a disordered stomach; he then took a swallow of vinegar, after which the
nausea and headache increased, and after eating, the heaviness and
stupefaction of the head increased, so that he was obliged to lie down, [7]. [40.]
► Vertigo, [2], [14], [17], etc. ►
Much vertigo, on rising (second morning), [50].
► Excessive vertigo, [35]. ►
Violent vertigo, [39]. ► Disagreeable vertigo and nausea (after
six hours), [15]. ► Spells of dizziness and loss of sight,
all day (third day), [28]. ► Frequent dizzy spells, with momentary
loss of sight (second day), [28]. ► Felt giddy, and walked cautiously (after
two hours and a half), [52]. ► Some giddiness and drowsiness (fifty
minutes after 1/4 grain), [54]. ► Giddy and drowsy (one hour after 1/15th
grain); giddiness and drowsiness passed off (two hours after 1/15th
grain), [58]. [50.] ►
Giddiness and somnolency (after ten minutes); complained of being very
giddy, and said that everything was turning round (after one hour), [56]. ►
Slight giddiness, [55]. ► Felt a little giddy (after one hour and
twenty minutes), [51]. ► Felt “dreadfully tipsy” (after
forty minutes), [57]. ► General Head. ►
Head drawn backward, [5]. ► Congestion of the head, [68]. ► Began
to feel light-headed and sleepy (one hour and a quarter after 1/4
grain), [54]. ► Dulness of the head, [35]. ►
Dulness and heat of the head, [44b].
► Dulness of the head, for several
days, [7a]. [60.] ►
Some dulness of the head, with difficult thought (after half an hour), [7a]. ►
General dulness of the head (after one hour), [7]. ► Dulness
in the head, especially in the frontal region (after ten minutes), [7]. ►
Heaviness of the head, [3], [14]; (after first day, 1/4 grain), [50]; (after fifty minutes), [9]. ►
Head heavy, hot, [7]. ► Head heavy, with a tensive sensation in
it, like a pressing asunder at both parietal bones; this sensation made
thinking and writing difficult, [7].
► Something shot to the head like
lightning, the instant the injection took place, [42]. ► Pain
in the head (after seven hours), [43].
► Dull pain in the head, with
stupefaction, [1]. ► Head painful on waking, disappearing on
moving about, [6]. [70.] ►
Headache, [2], [14], [64],
etc. ► Headache, on waking from
sleep, [6c]. ►
Headache, after eating, [11b]. ► Headache, more one the right side than on
the left, lasting half an hour, leaving behind a painful sensation, [6]. ►
Sudden headache, [44]. ► Violent headache, [6c]; (after half an hour), [6a], [6b],
[8b]. ►
Intense cephalalgia, [37]. ► Tensive sensation in the head, as if the
skull were too small for the brain; reading, writing, or thinking were
very difficult; was obliged to stop at times (after half an hour), [7a]. ►
Pressive headache, with inclination to sleep (after two hours and a
half), [7]. ►
Pressive headache, with inclination to sleep; reading and thinking
increased the headache (after two hours and a half), [7]. [80.] ► Throbbing like a pulse; the head
threatened to burst, [68]. ► Forehead. ►
Heaviness in the frontal region, [8b];
(after one hour and a half), [8]. ► Pain in the frontal region (after half an
hour), [8]. ►
Pains in the frontal region, on waking from sleep, [9b]; (after two hours and a half), [8b]. ►
Violent pain in the forehead (after half an hour), [8a]. ►
Violent pain in the right side of the forehead (second morning), [8b]. outward, [39]. ► Dull
pain in the frontal region, especially of the right side, [11a]. ► Dull
frontal headache, in the morning (fifth day), [28]. ►
Throbbing pain in the forehead (after fifty minutes), [8]. ► Temples.
[90.] ►
Right temporal artery beating full and quick (after one hour and a
half), [60]. ► Parietals. ►
Pain in the right side of the head (immediately), [11a]. ►
Intolerable pain in the right side of the head (after thirty-five
minutes), [11]. ► Occiput. ►
Pain in the occiput (after fifty minutes), [11].
EYE.
►
Objective. ► Eyes staring,
[25]. ►
Eyes staring, and unaffected by light (after two hours), [26]. ►
Glistening eyes (after fifty minutes), [9].
► Eyes very glistening (after one
hour), [8]. ►
Eyes sparkling, [11a]. ► Eyes injected, [11b], [17];
(one hour after 1/2 grain), [53]. [100.] ►
Membranes of eyes much injected (half an hour after 1/2 grain), [53]. ►
Cornea injected (after half an hour), [6a].
► Eyes sunken, especially the right, [6]. ►
Eyes sunken, half open, not turned upward, but staring straight ahead,
with the axes of vision parallel, [41].
► Eyes fixed, and insensible to light
(after two hours), [23]. ► The eyes are frequently lustreless,
having a look of weakness, exhaustion, and fear, becoming after a new
injection lively, fiery, or like those of a person in delirium, [73]. ►►
*The look becomes unsteady, [66].
► Subjective. ► Pain over and at side of left eye all
day, with some pain in left ear (fifth day), [28]. ► Eyes
early in the course were hot and lame; bits of ice were laid on them
with relief, [49]. ► Eyes felt small, too small for sockets
(second morning), [50]. ► Brow and Orbit. [110.] ►
Pressure above the eyes (after fifty minutes), [11]. ►►
*Paresis of the recti interni, [61].
► Feeling of fulness in the orbits
(after one hour), [3]. ► Lids. ►
Lids bluish, drooping, [13]. ► *Slight ptosis, [64]. ► Upper
lids paralyzed, [17]. ► Conjunctiva. ►
*Conjunctiva injected, [9a],
[11a]; (after fifty minutes), [8], [11].
► The conjunctivæ of both eyeballs
were very red, much injected, especially the subconjunctivæ tissue,
with a rosy red circle in the anterior ciliary region, like that
frequently seen in iritis, [41]. ► Lachrymal Apparatus. ► Eyes suffused (ten minutes after 1/2
grain), [53]. ► Ball. ►
The eyes looked as though they would protrude from their orbits, [8b]. [120.]
► Eyeballs prominent (immediately), [42]. ►
Eyes protruding from their orbits, [68];
(after two hours), [43]. ► Convulsive motions of the eyeballs, [17]. ►
Eyes convulsively turned upward and outward, [17]. ► Eyes
rigid, turned upward, [29]. ► Diverging strabismus of both eyes, [22]. ►
Pupil. ► Pupils dilated, [44], [44b];
(immediately), [8b]; (after twenty
minutes), [8a], [9], [9a];
(after half an hour), [6b], [9b], [10b];
(after fifty minutes), [11]. ► Pupils continued dilated through the
night (first night), [9a]. ► Pupils somewhat dilated (soon), [6]. ►
Pupils greatly dilated (after twenty minutes), [8]. [130.] ► Pupils greatly dilated, even on looking
at the sun (soon), [11a]. ► Contraction of pupils, [2], [13], [14], etc.; (after eight hours), [27]; (second day), [23]. ► Pupils
contracted, insensible, [22], [25]. ►
Pupils contracted habitually, [66].
► Very slight contraction of
pupil observable during two or three hours after the injection, [72]. ►
Strongly contracted pupils (after nine hours and a half); and insensible
to light (after eleven hours and a half), [71].
► Pupil very much contracted (after
four hours), [36]. ► Pupils very much contracted; would not
respond to light (second morning), [50].
► Pupils very much contracted, not
being as large as a pin’s head, and she saw red and black spots floating
before the eyes (after four hours), [43].
► Pupils extremely contracted,
insensible, [18], [34]. [140.] ► Pupil of a minimum size; eyes imperfectly
closed, [48]. ► Pupils contracted to mere point, [20]. ►
Pupils contracted to such a degree as is only seen after large doses of
Calabar; the pupils, indeed, showed but a minute point, and were
entirely insensible, [41]. ► Pupils, unequal, [62]. ► Pupils
at light 1/7″, aside, barely 1/5 (before the injection); at light
1/8″, aside 1/6 (after one hour); at light 1/9″, aside
1/7″ (after two hours), [56].
► Pupils 1/8″ (before the
experiment); 1/12 (after two hours and a half), [52]. ► Pupils
1/10 (before the injection); 1/12 (after forty minutes), [57]. ► Pupils
1/10″ at the light, 1/6″ towards the dark side of the room
(before the injection); 1/12 at light, from the light 1/3
(three-quarters of an hour and two hours after 1/15th grain), [58]. ►
Pupils at light 1/10″, sideways 1/7; at dark side of room 1/6
(before the injection); 1/12, sideways; 1/10 at dark side of room; 1/7
(after thirty minutes and four hours), [55].
► Pupils 1/10″ diameter at
light, towards the dark side of the room dilating to 1/6″ (before
the experiment); dilate from 1/12 to 1/8 (after thirty minutes, and
after two hours and eighteen minutes), [51].
[150.] ►
Pupils at light 1/9″, sideways 1/6 (before the injection);
1/12″ (two hours after 1/6 grain); 1/10 (thirty minutes after 1/4
grain); 1/12″ (three-quarters of an hour after 1/4 grain); 1/10
(two hours and a quarter after 1/4 grain); 1/12, sideways 1/9 (ten
minutes after 1/2 grain); 1/12, sideways 1/10 (one hour after 1/2
grain); 1/10, sideways 1/8 (three hours after 1/2 grain), [153]. ► Pupil
1/6″ (before the experiments); 1/7″ (one hour and a half after
1/4 grain); 1/7 (three hours after 1/4 grain); continued to read the
newspapers for one hour and a quarter after the injection of 1/4 grain;
1/8; vision for near and distant objects unimpaired; in reading the
newspapers he could detect no change in his vision, and he clearly
discerned an inconspicuous lightning conductor, a rod of the thickness
of the little finger, by the side of a chimney-pot, at a distance of
about seventy yards (one hour and a quarter after 1/4 grain), [54]. ►
Vision. ► *Weakness of vision,
[2], [14]. ► *Sight
impaired and feeble, [37].
► The eyes formerly only moderately
far-sighted, became very hypermetropic, [69].
► *Vision at times seemed obscured by a
fog, [7a]. ► Could not see (after two hours), [43]. ►
Vision distorted and impaired, [18].
► She can only distinguish one
vertical half of the objects before her (as one eye, one arm, etc.), [37]. ►
Double vision and diminished range of accommodation are frequently
observed; the pupils are usually contracted, often unequally, seldom
dilated, [73]. [160.] ►
Double vision, disappeared at the end of a week, but the inequality of
the pupils remained during the whole time she was under treatment;
sometimes one, sometimes the other, pupil being dilated, [62]. ► *Double
vision and disturbance of accommodation, often accompanied by
lachrymation, [73].® 2000
Article